Exploring Farmers Awareness and Perception of Indigenous Backyard Poultry in the Context of Environmental Sustainability and Livelihood Resilience

Abstract

Indigenous poultry breeds represent a significant reservoir of agro-biodiversity, possessing unique adaptive traits that are increasingly relevant in the context of climate change and sustainable agricultue. Despite their ecological and cultural value, these breeds face displacement by high-yielding commercial varieties, raising urgent conservation concerns. This study aimed to assess farmers' knowledge and awareness of indigenous poultry breeds, investigate perceptions regarding breed benefits and challenges, identify conservation needs, and evaluate farmers' willingness to participate in conservation initiatives. A cross-sectional survey was conducted across the districts of Kulgam and Anantnag, Kashmir Valley, involving 300 randomly selected poultry farmers. Data were collected through structured questionnaires, individual interviews, and focus group discussions (FGDs). Both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were performed, including chi-square tests and binary logistic regression, using SPSS version 26.0. Results indicated that only 35% of surveyed farmers were aware of indigenous breeds and a mere 20% were actively raising them. Key perceived benefits included disease resistance (45%), climate adaptability (40%), and superior meat flavour (30%), while major barriers were low egg productivity (65%) and insufficient economic incentives (50%). Education level, farming experience, flock size, and access to extension services were significant predictors of breed awareness (p < 0.05). Approximately 55% of farmers expressed conditional willingness to support conservation efforts provided technical and financial assistance was available. These findings underscore the critical need for targeted awareness campaigns, policy-driven financial incentives, and market development strategies to preserve indigenous Kashmiri poultry breeds and strengthen agricultural sustainability.